Introduction According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs , human needs are arranged in a pyramid-like structure, beginning with physiological needs such as food, water, and shelter, and ascending toward higher-level needs like self-actualization , which involve creativity, intellectual fulfillment, and personal growth. At the top of the hierarchy, self-actualization represents the realization of an individual's full potential. In contrast, Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is a comprehensive framework for understanding human motivation and personality . It focuses on two key elements: individuals' inherent tendencies toward growth and their innate psychological needs, specifically autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This theory highlights the importance of supporting individuals’ sense of independence and personal agency, which not only enhances their motivation but also contributes significantly to their overall well-being and psychological health (Simply Psychology, 2024...
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